Navi
All Things Harlem
The Hornblower

Jazz Hayden                           - Opinion Blog

The New Jim Crow

 

Still Here Harlem Productions

Search
Follow Us
Subscribe

Harlem/NYC CopWatch
« Hip Hop Artists Rebel Diaz Pay Tribute to Troy Davis | Main | The Fly Academy's College Prep Program Shines in the Bronx »

Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education?

DateMonday, October 14, 2013 at 11:59AM
Cartoon By Ethan Heitner
From Marvel, Ultimate Comics Spiderman #1
                                                                                                                                                                                                        This article from Rethinking Schools gives an in depth look at the Charter School movement and the public education system.  How do you feel about the Charter School movement here in New York City as well as across the country?
                                                                                                                                  From Rethinking Schools
By Stan Karp

Somewhere along the way, nearly every teacher dreams of starting a school. I know I did.

More than once during the 30 years I taught English and journalism to high school students in Paterson, New Jersey, I imagined that creating my own school would open the door to everything I wanted as a teacher:

Colleagues with a shared vision of teaching and learning.

Freedom from central office bureaucracy.

A welcoming school culture that reflected the lives of our students and families.

Professional autonomy that nourished innovation and individual and collective growth.

School-based decision-making that pushed choices about resources, priorities, time, and staffing closer to the classrooms where it matters the most.

But reality can be hard on daydreams, and I got a glimpse of how complicated these issues are when my large comprehensive high school embraced the reform trend of the day and moved to create small theme academies inside the larger school. As the lead teacher of a new communications academy, I soon faced a host of thorny questions: Who would our new academy serve? What would the selection process be? How would the academy share space and resources with the rest of the school? How would our academy team be formed, and what impact would overlapping circles of authority have on teachers' contractual and evaluation processes? What would be the effect of the new academies on the larger school around us, which still opened its doors to everyone?

I think of this experience often as I follow the polarized debate over charter schools. I know there are many committed charter school teachers who share the dream of teaching in a progressive, student-centered school. And I know that, for some teachers, charter school jobs are the only ones available.

But I also know the charter school movement has changed dramatically in recent years in ways that have undermined its original intentions. Although small schools and theme academies have faded as a focus of reform initiatives, charters have expanded rapidly. According to Education Week, there are now more than 6,000 publicly funded charter schools in the United States enrolling about 4 percent of all students. Since 2008, the number of charter schools has grown by almost 50 percent, while over that same period nearly 4,000 traditional public schools have closed.1 This represents a huge transfer of resources and students from our public education system to the publicly funded but privately managed charter sector. Such trends raise serious concerns about the future of public education and its promise of quality education for all.

The Origin of Charter Schools 

Charter schools have an interesting history with origins that are often overlooked. The idea of charter schools arose, often with teachers' union support, in urban districts in the late 1980s and early '90s. They were originally conceived as teacher-run schools that would serve students struggling inside the traditional system and would operate outside the reach of the administrative bureaucracy and politicized big city school boards. Charters also drew on early rounds of small school experiments initiated by teachers and community activists, often as alternatives to large, struggling, comprehensive high schools.2

But, within a few years, some early supporters grew concerned that the charters and small specialty schools were creating tiers of schools serving decidedly different populations with unequal access. Teachers' union leaders also feared that charters were undercutting the power of their unions to bargain collectively over districtwide concerns and policies.

Still, charters continued to grow slowly and, beginning with Minnesota in 1991, states began to pass laws to promote the formation of charters, partly as a model of reform and partly to build a parallel system outside the reach of both teachers' unions and, in some cases, the federal and state requirements to serve and accept all students as the public system must do. Gradually this charter movement attracted the attention of political and financial interests who saw the public school system as a “government monopoly” ripe for market reform.

In the past decade, the character of the charter school movement has changed dramatically. It's been transformed from community-based, educator-initiated local efforts designed to provide alternative approaches for a small number of students into nationally funded efforts by foundations, investors, and educational management companies to create a parallel, more privatized school system.

Charter laws are different in each state, but in general charter schools are publicly funded but privately run schools. Few justify the hype they have received in films like Waiting for “Superman,” and those that do are mostly highly selective, privately subsidized schools that have very limited relevance for the public system. It's like looking for models of public housing by studying luxury condo developments.

How Do Charter Schools Measure Up?

A 2009 national study of charter school performance by CREDO, a research unit at Stanford University that supports charter “reform,” found that only about one in five charter schools had better test scores than comparable public schools and more than twice as many had lower ones.3 Earlier this year, CREDO released an updated study that looked at charters in 27 states, and little had changed. As the National Education Policy Center explained, “The bottom line appears to be that, once again, it has been found that, in aggregate, charter schools are basically indistinguishable from traditional public schools in terms of their impact on academic test performance.” 4

Similarly, a report from the Broader, Bolder Approach to Education looked at “reform” efforts over the past decade in Chicago, New York, and Washington, D.C. The report noted that “expanding access to charter schools” was “a common focus of reforms in the three cities,” but “assertions that charter schools improve educational outcomes are not supported by rigorous studies. . . . Charter schools further disrupted the districts while providing mixed benefits, particularly for the highest-needs students.” 5

There are many factors that make charters an unsustainable strategy for improving public education. Unlike most charter schools, traditional public schools accept all children, including much larger numbers of high-needs students. In most states, charters do not face the same public accountability and transparency requirements as public schools, which has led to serious problems of mismanagement, corruption, and profiteering.

Invariably, beneath accounts of spectacular charter success lie demographics that reveal fewer special-needs children, fewer English language learners, and fewer children from the poorest families. This hasn't stopped the cheerleading coming from some quarters, but it does undermine the credibility of charter schools as a strategy for improving public schools overall.

Consider for example, the most recent report on New Jersey charters that CREDO produced in conjunction with the New Jersey Department of Education. The press release announcing this long-delayed study claimed it showed that “New Jersey charter public schools significantly outperform their district school peers.” 6 Education Commissioner Chris Cerf (the former head of Edison Inc., once the largest private education management firm in the nation) echoed these claims: “The results are clear—on the whole, New Jersey charter school students make larger learning gains in both reading and math than their traditional public school peers.” 7

But a closer look at the report raises familiar issues (even putting aside the dubious premise that equates school success with test scores). The report showed that 70 percent of the New Jersey charters studied had the same or lower math scores as the traditional public schools they were compared to; 60 percent scored the same or lower on language arts.

The charters with the best results were clustered in Newark, which includes more selective “no excuses” charters. These schools serve lower numbers of the highest-needs students and have relatively high rates of attrition compared to traditional district schools. Typically, the CREDO report failed to distinguish between levels of student need, lumping students who receive speech therapy with those facing more severe disabilities like autism as “special education” students. “Reduced lunch” students are similarly equated with “free lunch” students facing much deeper levels of poverty.8

More importantly, the report failed to identify a single school characteristic—aside from the demographics of the student populations­—that accounts for the “success” of the limited number of charters with higher scores. It also fails to account for the “peer effect” of mixing limited numbers of high-needs students with the more selective charter population, while the highest-need students are increasingly left behind in growing concentrations in district schools.

A Return to Segregated Schools?

This is where the flaws of charters as a reform strategy start to come into focus. A plan that relies heavily on serving more selective student populations is not only unfeasible systemwide, it has a decidedly negative effect on the district schools left in its wake. Rutgers professor Bruce Baker found that the selectivity of Newark charters is having a predictable effect on noncharter district enrollment. Newark charters now enroll about 20 percent of all students, but serve much lower levels of the highest-need students. As a result, the percentage of children who are English language learners, very poor, and/or severely handicapped in Newark Public Schools (NPS) is growing and, Baker noted, “We can expect that those left behind in district schools are becoming a higher and higher need group as charter enrollments expand.” 9

Another Newark study commissioned by the district focused on 14,000 students being educated in the 30 highest-need elementary schools in the city, both charter and district. Ninety-three percent of these students were in district-run schools and only 7 percent were in charter schools. This is segregation, not reform.10

The rapid expansion of charters in large urban districts like Newark is undermining their ability to equitably serve all children. This year fund transfers from NPS to charter schools will top $180 million. Even State District Superintendent Cami Anderson, a strong supporter of charters, admitted to the State Board of Education last year that this was an unsustainable budget trend for the district.11

In too many places, charters function more like deregulated “enterprise zones” than models of reform, providing subsidized spaces for a few at the expense of the many. They drain resources, staff, and energy for innovation away from other district schools, often while creaming better prepared students and more committed parents. This is especially a problem in big city public systems that urgently need renewal and resources but are increasingly being left behind with the biggest challenges.

None of this is meant to deny the reform impulse that is a real part of the charter movement, and no one questions the desire of parents to find the best options they can for their children. But the original idea behind charter schools was to create “laboratories for innovation” that would nurture reform strategies to improve the public system as a whole. That hasn't happened. Although there are some excellent individual charter schools, nowhere have charters produced a template for effective districtwide reform or equity.

This doesn't mean charter school teachers and parents are our enemies. On the contrary, we should be allies in fighting some of the counterproductive assessment, curriculum, and instructional practices raining down on all of us from above. Where practices like greater autonomy over curriculum or freedom from bureaucratic regulations are valid, they should be extended to all schools, without sacrificing the oversight we need to preserve equity and accountability.

Focus on Poverty and Proven Reforms 

The current push for deregulated charters and privatization is doing nothing to reduce the concentrations of 70, 80, and 90 percent poverty that remain the central problem in under-resourced public schools.

It's instructive to contrast charter-driven reform with more equitable approaches. In North Carolina, for several decades reform efforts were based on integrating struggling schools in Raleigh with the schools in surrounding Wake County. Efforts were made to improve theme-based and magnet programs at all schools, and the concentration of free/reduced lunch students at any one school was limited to 40 percent or less. The plan led to some of the nation's best progress on closing gaps in achievement and opportunity—until recent rounds of market-driven school reform began to undermine these efforts as well.12

Today, charters have become part of a campaign to create a less stable, less secure, and less expensive teaching staff. Nationally, charter school teachers are, on average, less experienced, less unionized, and less likely to hold state certification than teachers in traditional public schools.13 In a word, cheaper.

As many as one in four charter school teachers leave every year, about double the turnover rate in traditional public schools. The odds of a teacher leaving the profession altogether are 130 percent higher at charters than traditional public schools, and much of this teacher attrition is related to dissatisfaction with working conditions.14

Charter schools typically pay less for longer hours. But charter school administrators often earn more than their school district counterparts. Geoffrey Canada of the Harlem Children's Zone and Eva Moskowitz of the Success Academy Schools, two widely heralded charter school leaders, are each paid close to half a million dollars a year.15 

In New Jersey, charter school administrators are exempt from the salary caps imposed on district superintendents.16

Charters raise similar issues in middle-class districts. Last year, an application to open a Quest Academy charter school in my hometown of Montclair, New Jersey, was a finalist after being previously rejected four times. If approved, the charter would have drawn more than $2 million from the district budget. Quest promised to serve a small group of students with “small classes,” “individualized instruction,” and “cutting-edge technology.” But it would have left students at Montclair High School with larger classes, less individualized instruction, and less cutting-edge technology. It would have eroded programs and staff at a high school that sends more than 90 percent of its students to postsecondary education, including more than 90 percent of its African American students.17

Parents Weigh In 

This is why grassroots parents groups like Save Our Schools NJ have been pushing back against unwanted charter expansion that undermines the quality and budgets of district schools. Because current New Jersey charter policies do not give a voice to local districts and voters in deciding where to open charters and how to integrate them equitably into the public system, they promote polarization among parents and pockets of privilege instead of districtwide improvement.

I've attended too many meetings where groups of charter and public school parents are pitted against each other in contentious, at times ugly debates over resources, facilities, and priorities.

This polarization has its roots, not just in clashing short-term interests and an inadequate pool of resources, but also in conflicting conceptions of the role parents should play in public education. For the charter movement, parents are seen as customers seeking services with no major role in school governance or advocacy for all children. But in a system of universal public education, parents are citizens seeking rights. They are collectively the owner-managers of a fundamental public institution in a democratic society.

To be sure, many of the issues that public school advocates criticize in charters—tracking, creaming, unequal resources—exist within the public system, too. But public schools have federal, state, and district obligations that can be brought to bear. School boards, public budgets, public policies, and public officials can be subjected to pressure and held accountable in ways that privatized charters don't allow. In post-Katrina New Orleans, where this year virtually all students attend unequal tiers of charter schools, there are now students and families who cannot find any schools to take them.18

The March Continues

It has become impossible to separate the rapid expansion of charter networks from efforts to privatize public education. Those who believe that business models and market reforms hold the key to solving educational problems have made great strides in attaching their agenda to the urgent need of communities who have too often been poorly served by the current system. But left to its own bottom line logic, the market will do for education what it has done for housing, health care, and employment: create fabulous profits and opportunities for a few, and unequal access and outcomes for the many.

Our country has already had more than enough experience with separate and unequal school systems. The counterfeit claim that charter privatization is part of a new “civil rights movement,” addressing the deep and historic inequality that surrounds our schools, is belied by the real impact of rapid charter growth in cities across the country. At the level of state and federal education policy, charters are providing a reform cover for eroding the public school system and an investment opportunity for those who see education as a business rather than a fundamental institution of democratic civic life. It's time to put the brakes on charter expansion and refocus public policy on providing excellent public schools for all.  

___________________________________________________________________________________

[SIDE NOTE: The Charter School Idea predates what follows in Stan Karp's discussion here. It really started in the South when desegregation became the law of the land. Many white parents did not want their children going to school with Black children, so they formed private schools in every Southern state. However, these mainly poor and workingclass whitefolk began to realize that they could not afford the upkeep of these private schools. So, in the late 1960's, they began to lobby their local representatives to find a way to siphon public money into their private schools. Hence, the idea of creating a state granted "chartered" relationship with the local public school system that still allowed them autonomy yet access to public monies for school maintenance and some salaries. In the 1980s, the pioneers of privatizing urban-based public education took up this segregationist concept and morphed it into what we see infesting public education today.-- Dr. SE Anderson]

 

Here are some related videos from the All Things Harlem Archives on Education in New York City

Harlem Education Fair - February 28, 2009 from All Things Harlem on Vimeo.

 

S.E. Anderson discusses the Coalition For Public Education, Rally at City Hall from All Things Harlem on Vimeo.

 

 

AuthorAllthingsharlem | CommentPost a Comment | Reference120 References |
Share
in tagged , , , ,

PrintView Printer Friendly Version

EmailEmail Article to Friend

References (120)

References allow you to track sources for this article, as well as articles that were written in response to this article.
  • Source
    Source: Charter Schools and the Future of Public Education
    by Stan Karp at Rethinking School Online
  • Response
    Response: free game apps for android
    at free game apps for android on December 26, 2013
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: her explanation
    at her explanation on February 24, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: fortifiedseo.com
    at fortifiedseo.com on March 3, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: www.andracom.com.br
    at www.andracom.com.br on March 6, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: click the following webpage
    at click the following webpage on March 13, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: insurance certs
    at insurance certs on March 25, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: nokia of finland school
    at nokia of finland school on April 3, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: this website
    at this website on April 16, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: Ken Anderson nhs
    at Ken Anderson nhs on April 21, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: german binary robot review
    at german binary robot review on April 25, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: empire global canberra
    at empire global canberra on May 8, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: dvnf
    at dvnf on May 16, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: candlestick technical analysis charts
    at candlestick technical analysis charts on May 17, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: Tiny Dice Dungeon outil de piratage
    at Tiny Dice Dungeon outil de piratage on May 22, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: corona ca car insurance
    at corona ca car insurance on May 23, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: real estate davie county
    at real estate davie county on May 29, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: jeunes.nc
    at jeunes.nc on June 1, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: Click On this page
    at Click On this page on June 2, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: best makeup brushes
    at best makeup brushes on June 4, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: senuke
    at senuke on June 7, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: 100 Quattro Brakes
    at 100 Quattro Brakes on June 9, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: chiroractic
    at chiroractic on June 11, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: pokemon roms ds android
    at pokemon roms ds android on June 13, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: click the following webpage
    at click the following webpage on June 19, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: dumpsters
    at dumpsters on June 21, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: dumpsters
    at dumpsters on June 21, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: dumpsters
    at dumpsters on June 25, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: D D Photographics
    at D D Photographics on July 13, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: best optometrist near me Denver
    at best optometrist near me Denver on July 16, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: www.aboutus.org/AdamHultz
    at www.aboutus.org/AdamHultz on July 25, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: Male Issues
    at Male Issues on July 25, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: talks about it
    at talks about it on July 28, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: global payroll gateway
    at global payroll gateway on August 10, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: remove frame
    at remove frame on August 16, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: cookie clicker achievements
    at cookie clicker achievements on August 16, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: free printable mcdonalds coupons
    at free printable mcdonalds coupons on August 17, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: Joseph Chou ironfish
    at Joseph Chou ironfish on September 12, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: treating lower back pain
    at treating lower back pain on September 14, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: healing heroes network rating
    at healing heroes network rating on September 19, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: instant garage
    at instant garage on October 1, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: 2000 watt inverter generator
    at 2000 watt inverter generator on October 1, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: qwe19
    at wer19 on October 2, 2014
  • Response
    Response: Hay Day Diamonds Hack
    at Hay Day Diamonds Hack on October 11, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: led factory signs
    at led factory signs on October 25, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: right lower back pain
    at right lower back pain on October 30, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: .VBidwEunDfM
    at .VBidwEunDfM on November 24, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: Arthur Falcone
    at Arthur Falcone on November 24, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: Arthur Falcone
    at Arthur Falcone on November 25, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: Arthur Falcone
    at Arthur Falcone on November 26, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: Arthur Falcone
    at Arthur Falcone on November 26, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: Arthur Falcone
    at Arthur Falcone on November 27, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: Arthur Falcone
    at Arthur Falcone on November 27, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: Arthur Falcone
    at Arthur Falcone on November 28, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: Arthur Falcone
    at Arthur Falcone on November 28, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: Arthur Falcone
    at Arthur Falcone on November 28, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: v=onepage&q=imperial%20advances%20to&f=false
    at v=onepage&q=imperial%20advances%20to&f=false on November 28, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: Arthur Falcone
    at Arthur Falcone on November 29, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: Arthur Falcone
    at Arthur Falcone on November 29, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: Arthur Falcone
    at Arthur Falcone on November 29, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: Phil St Ores
    at Phil St Ores on December 1, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: phil st ores
    at phil st ores on December 2, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: Kion Kashefi
    at Kion Kashefi on December 2, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: Kion Kashefi
    at Kion Kashefi on December 2, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: Kion Kashefi
    at Kion Kashefi on December 3, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: Kion Kashefi
    at Kion Kashefi on December 3, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: Corey Park
    at Corey Park on December 3, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: Kion Kashefi
    at Kion Kashefi on December 3, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: Arthur Falcone
    at Arthur Falcone on December 3, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: Arthur Falcone
    at Arthur Falcone on December 4, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: Arthur Falcone
    at Arthur Falcone on December 4, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: Kion Kashefi
    at Kion Kashefi on December 5, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: Kion Kashefi
    at Kion Kashefi on December 5, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: Brian Poe
    at Brian Poe on December 5, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: phil st ores
    at phil st ores on December 5, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: Brian Poe
    at Brian Poe on December 6, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: Kion Kashefi
    at Kion Kashefi on December 6, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: Brian Poe
    at Brian Poe on December 6, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: Rashmi Patel suspended
    at Rashmi Patel suspended on December 8, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: Dr. Rashmi Patel
    at Dr. Rashmi Patel on December 8, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: Dr. Patel license suspension
    at Dr. Patel license suspension on December 8, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: source for this article
    at source for this article on December 8, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: Corey Park
    at Corey Park on December 10, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: Corey Park scam
    at Corey Park scam on December 10, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: Corey Park scam
    at Corey Park scam on December 10, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: 42nd street photo
    at 42nd street photo on December 11, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: 42nd street photo
    at 42nd street photo on December 12, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: 42nd street photo
    at 42nd street photo on December 12, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: UK Models
    at UK Models on December 21, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: Tyrant Unleashed
    at Tyrant Unleashed on December 21, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: UK Models
    at UK Models on December 21, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: joanns coupons
    at joanns coupons on December 22, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: David Drwencke
    at David Drwencke on December 22, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: David Drwencke
    at David Drwencke on December 23, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: David Drwencke
    at David Drwencke on December 24, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: David Drwencke
    at David Drwencke on December 24, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: David Drwencke
    at David Drwencke on December 24, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: USHUD
    at USHUD on December 26, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: USHUD
    at USHUD on December 27, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: ushud
    at ushud on December 27, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: David Drwencke
    at David Drwencke on December 27, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: USHUD
    at USHUD on December 27, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: USHUD
    at USHUD on December 27, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: USHUD
    at USHUD on December 27, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: ushud
    at ushud on December 27, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: nutrition ileus
    at nutrition ileus on December 28, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: USHUD
    at USHUD on December 28, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: USHUD
    at USHUD on December 28, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: David Drwencke
    at David Drwencke on December 29, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: Createurs de Luxe
    at Createurs de Luxe on December 29, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: Createurs de Luxe
    at Createurs de Luxe on December 30, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: Createurs de Luxe
    at Createurs de Luxe on December 30, 2014
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: Jared Londry
    at Jared Londry on January 3, 2015
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: considering back hair
    at considering back hair on January 19, 2015
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: please click the following web site
    at please click the following web site on January 19, 2015
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: boat insurance
    at boat insurance on August 5, 2015
    Are Charter Schools The Solution to Public Education? - All Things Harlem - News, Video, Opinion
  • Response
    Response: vkontakte
    by контакте at в контакте вход моя страница вход on February 7, 2016
    вконтакте
  • Response
    Response: AssociatedNews
    by AssociatedNews at http://associatednews.com on February 12, 2016
    I beloved as much as you will receive performed right here. The comic strip is attractive, your authored material stylish. nonetheless, you command get bought an nervousness over that you would like be handing over the following. unwell without a doubt come more before once more since precisely the same nearly ...
  • Response
    Response: join a JEE coaching class
    by alisa at get superior scores in JEE on March 31, 2016
  • Response
    Response: things to do
    by Alice_12 at things to do on July 25, 2022
    things to do

Reader Comments

There are no comments for this journal entry. To create a new comment, use the form below.

PostPost a New Comment

Enter your information below to add a new comment.

My response is on my own website »
Author Email (optional):
Author URL (optional):
Post:
 
Some HTML allowed: <a href="" title=""> <abbr title=""> <acronym title=""> <b> <blockquote cite=""> <code> <em> <i> <strike> <strong>

Notify me of follow-up comments via email.